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    Arctic Observation and Reanalysis Integrated System CloudSat Reflectivity Product CloudSat Tropical Cyclone Product (2D-TC) CloudSat-TRMM and CloudSat-GPM Coincidence Dataset CloudSat/CALIPSO Cloud Cover CloudSat/CALIPSO Cloud Fraction PCFLOS Product Warm Rain Rate Estimates from AMSR 89 GHz and CloudSat Year of Tropical Convection (YOTC)
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Current Epoch: Epoch 10

Start: 16 Dec 2021 (Day 350) 14:27:41 | End: Present

Active Release: R05

R04 products will be available until all R05 products have been released.

CloudSat Epoch Information

Epoch 10

After a second reaction wheel anomaly on 26 August 2020 CloudSat returned to operation in December of 2021 in ACT-TWO (Attitude Control Through Two Wheel Operations) DO-Op (Daylight-Only Operations) mode, no longer in formation with CALIPSO.

Start: 16 Dec 2021 (Day 350) 14:27:41
End: 19 September 2023 (Day 262) 15:26:30

Epoch 09

Starting on July 5th, 2019 and continuing through August 26th, 2020, the apparent height of the surface in the radar profiles is not consistent with the Digital Elevation Map (DEM) that has been used with all CloudSat operational products throughout the mission. The mismatch is a result of an error in the satellite pointing or timing data or both. While still under investigation, the present the cause has not been isolated. Rather than further delaying the release of these data, they are being released as-is with the pointing/timing error. Fundamentally, this means there is a substantially larger uncertainty in the location where the radar beam intersects the surface that may be as large as 10 km.

Start: 11 Jul 2019 (Day 192) 00:00:00
End: 26 Aug 2020 (Day 239) 19:25:23

Epoch 08

CloudSat is joined by CALIPSO, forming the C-Train.

Start: 10 Oct 2018 (Day 283) 00:00:00
End: 10 Jul 2019 (Day 191) 23:59:59

Epoch 07

CloudSat exited the A-Train on February 22nd, 2018 after a reaction wheel anomaly.

Start: 3 May 2018 (Day 123) 07:25:00
End: End: 10 Oct 2018 (Day 283) 00:00:00

Epoch 06

Although CloudSat continues to only operate during the sunlit portion of the orbit, epoch 06 started when CloudSat returned to the A-Train formation on May 15th, 2012. Data products once again use MODIS and CALIPSO ancillary data although the overlap with CALIPSO is degraded because fewer formation flying maneuvers are performed.

Start: 15 May 2012 (Day 136) 00:49:00
End: 12 Jan 2018 (Day 12) 15:15:56

Epoch 05

A battery anomaly on April 17th, 2011 caused the spacecraft to stop collecting data and lose formation with the A-Train. The radar was turned back on in November 2011 and now collects data only during the sunlit portion of the orbit. Epoch 05 represents this new operating paradigm. In addition, the spacecraft remained outside of the A-Train formation so all data products were processed in radar-only mode without MODIS or CALIPSO data. The impact of the missing MODIS data on the CloudSat products is still being assessed and the combined radar/lidar products (2B-GEOPROF-LIDAR, 2B-CLDCLASS-LIDAR, and 2B-FLXHR-LIDAR) are not available.

Start: 27 Oct 2011 (Day 300) 23:28:21
End: 15 May 2012 (Day 136) 00:49:00

Epoch 04

Marks the beginning of a period where the CPR pulse rate will be periodically reduced, or increased, to manage the power draw on the battery (due to the reduced power margin as the battery ages). The increased or reduced pulsing with induce a slight change in sensitivity. The number of pulses can be found in the 1B-CPR field RayStatus_pulsesTx. The pulse rate will likely continue to be adjusted, seasonally, for the duration of the mission.

Start: 15 Feb 2011 (Day 46) 18:06:30
End: 17 Apr 2011 (Day 107) 18:17:31

Epoch 03

Epoch 02 ended when a battery anomaly forced the CPR offline. It was brought back into operations with a slightly reduced pulse rate that decreases the radar sensitivity by approximately 0.25 dB. Epoch 03 tags the modified operating parameters.

Start: 15 Jan 2010 (Day 15) 18:24:56
End: 15 Feb 2011 (Day 46) 18:06:30

Epoch 02

Increased specular reflection due to the nadir-pointing instrument caused an increase in ground clutter, so the spacecraft orientation was changed again so that the CPR pointed 0.16 degrees in the forward (along-track) direction.

Start: 15 Aug 2006 (Day 227) 20:56:31
End: 7 Dec 2009 (Day 341) 11:43:22

Epoch 01

The pointing error was corrected and the spacecraft was oriented so that the CPR pointed to nadir.

Start: 7 Jul 2006 (Day 188) 14:14:02
End: 15 Aug 2006 (Day 227) 20:56:31

Epoch 00

During the initial phase of the mission it was unknown that the CPR was pointing off-nadir 1.7021 degrees in the forward (along-track) direction and 0.1314 degress to the right (across-track).

Start: 2 Jun 2006 (Day 153) 13:42:23
End: 7 Jul 2006 (Day 188) 14:14:02

2B-GEOPROF

Product Availability: Full mission availability except for anomalies and maneuver data gaps

Captioned Figure 1
An example plot of 2B-GEOPROF on August 19, 2009 showing observed reflectivity.

The 2B GEOPROF R04 product identifies those levels in the vertical column sampled by CloudSat that contain significant radar echo from hydrometeors (rather than noise or radar clutter) and provides an estimate of the radar reflectivity factor for each of these volumes. Also included in the GEOPROF product is an estimate of the expected gaseous absorption loss for the observed reflectivity (which depends on water vapor fields from ECMWF), the MODIS cloud fraction (from MOD35) associated with the radar surface foot print, and several other flags the indicates the homogeneity of the MODIS data, and quality of the CloudSat data. Details on the GEOPROF algorithms and structure of the HDF-EOS output files can be found in Marchand et al. (2008) and the Level 2 GEOPROF Product Process Description and Interface Control Document.

Primary Publication(s)

Marchand, R., G.G. Mace, T. Ackerman, and G. Stephens (2008), Hydrometeor Detection Using Cloudsat—An Earth-Orbiting 94-GHz Cloud Radar. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 25, 519–533.

  • 2B-GEOPROF P1_R05 (Current)
  • 2B-GEOPROF P_R04

Process Description and Interface Control Document (PDICD)

E09 Data Issues (Updated January 30, 2023)
2B-GEOPROF P1_R05 PDICD (Rev. 0) (Updated June 18, 2017)

Process Description and Interface Control Document (PDICD)

2B-FLXHR-LIDAR P_R04 PDICD (Updated June 28, 2007)
Quality Statement (Updated May 1, 2007)
Data Issues (Updated April 30, 2007)

Algorithm Specifications (for latest R05)

Geolocation Fields

Field Type Dimensions Units Valid Range Missing Missing Op. Factor Offset
Profile_time FLOAT32 nray seconds [0.0, 6000.0] 1.0 0.0
UTC_start FLOAT32 scalar seconds [0.0, 86400.0] 1.0 0.0
TAI_start FLOAT64 scalar seconds [0.0, 600000000.0] 1.0 0.0
Latitude FLOAT32 nray degrees [-90.0, 90.0] 1.0 0.0
Longitude FLOAT32 nray degrees [-180.0, 180.0] 1.0 0.0
Height INT16 nbin,nray 109 [-5000, 30000] -9999 == 1.0 0.0
Range_to_intercept FLOAT32 nray km [600.0, 800.0] 1.0 0.0
DEM_elevation INT16 nray meters [-9999, 8850] 9999 == 1.0 0.0
Vertical_binsize FLOAT32 scalar 109 -9999.0 == 1.0 0.0
Pitch_offset FLOAT32 scalar degrees [-90.0, 90.0] 1.0 0.0
Roll_offset FLOAT32 scalar degrees [-90.0, 90.0] 1.0 0.0

Data Fields

Field Type Dimensions Units Valid Range Missing Missing Op. Factor Offset
CPR_Cloud_mask INT8 nbin,nray [0, 40] -9 == 1.0 0.0
Gaseous_Attenuation INT16 nbin,nray dBZe [0, 1000] -9999 == 100.0 0.0
Radar_Reflectivity INT16 nbin,nray dBZe [-4000, 5000] -8888 == 100.0 0.0
Data_quality UINT8 nray -- [0, -1] 1.0 0.0
Data_status UINT16 nray -- [0, -1] 1.0 0.0
Data_targetID UINT8 nray -- [0, -1] 1.0 0.0
RayStatus_validity UINT8 nray -- [0, -1] 1.0 0.0
SurfaceHeightBin INT8 nray [1, 125] -1 == 1.0 0.0
SurfaceHeightBin_fraction FLOAT32 nray none 0.0 1.0 0.0
Sigma-Zero INT16 nray dB*100 [-1000, 4000] -9999 == 1.0 0.0
MODIS_cloud_flag INT8 nray None [0, 3] 99 == 1.0 0.0
MODIS_Cloud_Fraction INT8 nray [0, 100] -99 == 1.0 0.0
MODIS_scene_char INT8 nray [0, 9] -9 == 1.0 0.0
MODIS_scene_var INT8 nray [0, 5] -9 == 1.0 0.0
CPR_Echo_Top INT8 nray [0, 5] -9 == 1.0 0.0
sem_NoiseFloor FLOAT32 nray 0.0 == 1.0 0.0
sem_NoiseFloorVar FLOAT32 nray 0.0 == 1.0 0.0
sem_NoiseGate INT8 nray 0 == 1.0 0.0
Navigation_land_sea_flag UINT8 nray -- [1, 4] 1.0 0.0
Clutter_reduction_flag INT8 nray 1.0 0.0
sem_MDSignal FLOAT32 nray dBZe [-35.0, -20.0] 9999.0 == 1.0 0.0

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